Plankton (and Mr. Crabs!!!!)

Two types of plankton... (plankton is an organism that can only move with the current, they can only swim up and down the water column)

-Zooplankton (animal-like) (examples: Copepod, Jelly, Shrimp, Fish Larva

(fish larva)

(copepod)

-Phytoplankton (plant-like) (examples: Algae, Diatoms, Dinoflagellates)

(dinoflagellates)

(algae)

Sea Chemistry....

H20. There are many ways characteristics to test in water:


Salinity- (salt in water) measured with hydrometer, ppt is the unit of measure. High = more dense, and 36 ppt is average salinity for the ocean


Temperature- (average kinetic energy of molecules) measured with thermometer, Celsius is the unit of measure, radical change in temperature can harm organisms in the ocean, blablabla... ;)

Turbidity- (how many molecules are in the water) measured by how far you can see the disk (ex: 3.5 meters)

Ph- (acid vs. base in water) measured with ph kit, no unit of measure, and 7.8 - 8.3 is average ph for ocean water

Nitrite (toxic to fish; gets in water, prevents breathing and gets in immune system; causes eutrification, or an increase in nutrients which gives a lot of algae), Nitrate (too low doesn't give nugh nutrients)and Phosphate.



Dissolved Oxygen- (oxygen disolved in water)

Adaptations (fishes have)...

Gills
Fins
Suction Cups
Siphon
Swim Bladder
Tenticles


Thick Skin
Claws
Shells


Camouflage: dual color (Shark), shape, decorate (Decorator Crab)




Ampullae of Lorenzini (dots on shark that help it feel 
temperature, magnetism, electricity of life)

Bioluminescence
Illicium (light from an Angler Fish)

Eyes (eye stalks, black vs. white vision and advanced)


Squirt water and/or guts (Sea Cucumber)
Inflate (Pufferfish)

Nematocysts (stinging Jellyfish)
Toxin
Ink (Sea Hare)

Yep, that's it!!

Invertabrates

Profera- Sponges

Cnidaria- Jellyfish

Ctenophora- Comb Jellies

Platyminthes- Flat worms

Annelida- Segmented Worms, Polychaetes, Fire Worms, Feather Dusters, Tube Worms

Mollusca- (shell) (Gastropods, Bivalve and Cephlapoda) Snails&Slugs, Squid&Octopus, Clams&Oyster, Chitons

Arthropoda- (jointed legs) (Crustacean, Chelicerata and Insecta) Shrimp, Lobster, Crabs, Horseshoe Crab

Echinoderms- (Spiney Skin) Brittle&Basket Star, Sea Urchin&Sand Dollar, Sea Stars & Sea Cucumber

Nematoda-roundworms

Motion in the Ocean part 3 (?)

Always calculate percent change (gives you a starting point).


No light       1.2 -> 1.2     0%
White Light    1.1 -> 2.1     91%
Blue Light     1.4 -> 3.7     164%
Red Light      1.6 -> 3.0     88%
Green Light    1.0 -> 1.0     0%




-no light and green light had 0% change (photosynthesis requires light to split water into oxygen; no light has no photosynthesis. Plant was green, and green light is reflected by chlorophyll in chloroplast; plant cant use that green light for photosynthesis because that green light is being reflected.)


-blue light made most oxygen (because blue, red and white -colors are not being reflected, blue light might have worked the best because the plant is an aquatic plant)


-white light did less photosynthesis than blue light (white light has all the colors; white light then has blue, so white light should have done as well as blue; white light could also use red light to make more)(the reason the result is funky is that there was slightly different amounts of algae)



Here's a pic:


(when we opened the aluminum)





























(the materials used)

(the light lighting up the jars...)

WANTED!!!!! ;)

Highly dangerous animals: (info on poster)

For information on more criminals, please go to:

hardingintersessionbio.blogspot.com (zebra muscle and mitten crab)

http://thefountainofbiodiversity.wordpress.com/2011/05/22/psa-lionfish/ (lionfish)

Pigeone Key!!!!

We just got back from Pigeon Key!!!!!!!!!!!! It was wonderful!!!

The beach

Cabin and friends...

(cabin)

The 7-mile bridge ramp

The nurse shark (as we are fishing it)

(coral reef and sergent majors)

(a mysterious picture of the mangroves)

The 7-mile bridge going over the island

Us walking the bridge... wonderful!

Types of fishes...

Here are some different fish we saw at Pidgon Key...




Sergent Major
Bermuda Chub
Barracuda

Blue Tang
French Grunt

Angel Fish
Yellowtail Snapper
Southern Sting-Ray
Tarpon 

Hag Fish 
Nurse Shark
Mangrove Snapper
Trumpet Fish
Porcupine Fish
Rainbow Parrotfish
Stoplight Parrot Fish

Bluestriped Grunt
Gray Snapper
Porkfish
Silversides
Blue Tang


Worksheet...

Motion in the Ocean part 2

Take "The End" back. So tides are under the influence of the sun and the moon... the moon is closer, therefor has more gravitational pull. The sun is farther away, so it has less pull...

Oh, and Neap tides are smaller (because the sun and moon are pulling in opposite directions) while Spring tides are larger because the moon and sun are pulling in the same direction.

Current:

There are shallow currents (influenced by land masses and winds) and are used by ships to sail around the world. The shallow currents are circular, and in a specific area (separated by land mass). The currents spin; clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. There is not current in the equator... called a doldrum. 

There are also deep currents (aka thermohaline) (influenced by salt and temperature) which is all the water in the world. Heard of "Global Conveyor Belt"? Yeah, that has to do with deep currents. In this, the cold water (as usual) sinks, along with the salt water (as usual) (hot water goes up, then cools down, then sinks...)

There is the Hadley Cell, where at the Equator, hot air goes up, then goes down. Coriolis Effect makes the it that when the hot air goes up, then goes down, it does not come back in the same place. This then makes little loops around the equator.